Spine X-ray

A spine X-ray helps assess spinal alignment, fractures, and degenerative changes. It is often the first imaging step for back pain.

What it assesses

A spine X-ray can show the curvature of the spine, for example in scoliosis, as well as fractures from injury or osteoporosis. The spaces between vertebrae can also be evaluated, although the discs are not clearly visible.

Degenerative changes such as narrowing of joint spaces, osteophytes (bony spurs), and spondylosis are often seen on X-ray.

Image types and positioning

Standing front and side views are common. In some cases the doctor requests images with the patient bending forward or backward to assess stability.

Patients may be asked to remove jewelry, belts, or clothing with metal parts in the back area.

Limitations and next steps

X-rays do not clearly show nerves and discs. If back pain is accompanied by leg weakness, numbness, or bladder or bowel changes, doctors usually recommend an MRI.

For complex fractures, a spine CT can provide more detail. The choice of test depends on symptoms and the doctor's recommendation.

Key points

• Useful for scoliosis and certain back pain.
• For nerves and discs, MRI is usually more suitable.

Educational information, not a substitute for medical advice.